If it were done when ’tis done, then ’twere well it were done quickly

One of the things that Philip has been emphasising since the start of the year is that if wages are cut to the point where workers feel confident that they won’t be cut further, they will then start spending again. On the other hand, workers who fear their wages will be cut in the future will, quite rationally, save for the rainy days ahead. The worst of all possible worlds, from the point of maintaining domestic consumption, would be a situation where wages fell, predictably, in slow motion, over a number of years.

So it is a matter of concern to read articles like this.

A further note: public sector wage cuts are required to reduce the possibility of a ‘sudden stop’ in lending to the Irish government. Private sector wage and price cuts are required to prevent unemployment from rising further: Ireland is still an unacceptably expensive place in which to live and do business. It is a matter of deep regret that these are not happening in an across the board manner, and that wages in significant sectors of the economy have actually been rising. Allowing the focus to be on public sector wage reductions alone misses this essential point, and represents a serious political failure on the part of the government.

We are seeing just how difficult it is to achieve nominal wage and price reductions in a modern economy, and just how useful it is to have a currency to devalue. But we don’t have one, and can’t leave EMU. Given that wages are proving to be sticky, and that there is no central Eurozone fiscal authority to help maintain demand here, emigration is the most likely margin of adjustment for our economy in the short run. These are the constraints that we signed up for under Maastricht, as Neary and Thom pointed out in the 1990s, and it is too late to start complaining about it now.

Moral hazard, time inconsistency, and banking in the long run

Will Hutton has an op-ed piece today in the Observer which includes some striking historical charts. These are extracted by a very interesting article by Andy Haldane, Executive Director, Financial Stability at the Bank of England. Haldane’s article is well worth a read, as a simple conceptualization of the long run problems facing financial regulators.

Money quote:

Haldane describes “the latest incarnation of efforts by the banking system to boost shareholder returns and, whether by accident or design, game the state. For the authorities, [these pose] a dilemma. Ex-ante, they may well say “never again”. But the ex-post costs of crisis mean such a statement lacks credibility. Knowing this, the rational response by market participants is to double their bets. This adds to the cost of future crises. And the larger these costs, the lower the credibility of “never again” announcements. This is a doom loop.”

Global rebalancing and the euro

This column was not written with an Irish audience in mind, but given its trade patterns and openness Ireland is obviously one of the countries that is most exposed to the risks it discusses.

Credit and financial crises in the long run

Moritz Schularick and Alan Taylor have written a working paper looking at long run trends in money, credit and financial crises. They summarize the paper here. Several of the papers referenced at the end are worth checking out as well.

The great trade collapse

Richard Baldwin has just put together a new VoxEU Ebook on the great world trade collapse of 2008. It contains 23 short, user-friendly essays that give a great overview of what we have learned so far about the causes of this dramatic event.